Steve Palmquist.Author of ‘The Timely Trades Letter’. ‘How to Take Money from the Markets’, and Money-Making Candlestick Patterns.
VOLUME ZONE OSCILLATOR – Traders Tips
May’s Stocks & Commodities magazine article “In The Volume Zone” by Walid Khalil and David Steckler
has been coded by Rich Denning.
I have coded both the volume zone oscillator (Vzo) and the system that uses the Vzo indicator. I used my own interpretation of what the rules of their system mean since the exact code for the system is not given in the article. The divergence sell/cover rules were especially troublesome to interpret, so my version may not be what the authors intended. In addition, note that the nontrending case is not provided or tested.
I ran a backtest using the Portfolio Manager module from 1/1/1998 to 3/11/2011 using the Nasdaq 100 and also the Russell 1000 list of stocks. In Figure 8, I show the test results of simulated trading on the Nasdaq 100 list of stocks using the following parameters for capitalization:
- Maximum positions per day = 3
- Maximum total positions allowed = 1
- Choose candidates using ADX values in descending order
- Size each position at 10% of total account equity, recomputed daily.
Figure Above: AIQ SYSTEMS, volume zone oscillator AND SYSTEM. This shows the equity curve for the VZO system trading long only using the NASDAQ 100 list of stocks compared to the SPX index for the test period 1/1/98 to 3/11/11.
For the test period, the average annual return was 13.5% with a maximum drawdown of 49.9% on 12/31/2002.
The short side test was unsuccessful, as the system lost all its capital during the early years of the test. (Results not shown.) I tried adding an index trend filter, but this did not save the short side from total loss.
The code and Eds file can be found at below or can be downloaded from http://tradersedgesystems.com/aiq/traderstips/traders-tips-may-2011.htm
Interview with Dan Kamhis, AIQ client and ASAP founder
ASAP is an abbreviation for Affluence Squared Automation Project™.
I found in my research that the probability of correctly predicting a stock price movement increases as one extends one’s time horizon, so I decided early on that I wasn’t interested in day trading. What I was looking for was not just stocks that would go up, but stocks that would go way up and stay up. Hence “Affluence Squared”.
What exactly is ASAP?
It is well established that changes in earnings drives stock prices in the direction of the change. Thus if one could ascertain future ramps or declines in earnings, or more generally a coming change in a company’s financial condition, one would have a leg up. To assist a trader in this effort, I created a trading strategy using AIQ TradingExpert Pro.
Specifically, ASAP is a computer-based data collection, analysis and reporting algorithm designed to assist a knowledgeable and qualified investor in uncovering future organizational conditions with precision and understanding which are optimal in quality and timing. ASAP includes both long and short strategies which have been backtested through bull and bear markets.
How does ASAP help the user make stock selections?
It is well-established that the markets are discounting mechanisms. Some traders rely exclusively on technicals, some exclusively on fundamentals, and others some combination of the two. But all these have pitfalls.
Proper entry and exit points can often be mistimed with too heavy a reliance on backward-looking fundamental data. Indeed, retail investors are always mostly wrong at tops and bottoms.
Chart patterns and analysis of price and volume and pivot points can often clue an investor that a company’s condition has turned or remains favorable, often before the fundamentals even show it. Some very basic price and volume rules can do a decent job of picking up breakouts. However, the same exact technical parameters can work in one company’s case and fail in another, or can work for the same company at one time and fail at another.
Therefore, a fundamental data statistic that is “forward looking” would be useful as a differentiator. There does happen to be a legal, broadly available, readily quantifiable, and forward-looking fundamental statistic proven to beat the market indexes – insider buy/sell transactions. This forward-looking data is definable and comparable statistically, automatable over a universe of stocks, and is integrated with our technical strategy. Insider transactions, filtered by a special set of rules designed to maximize their predictive value, elegantly meet the requirements for a successful fundamental differentiator.
ASAP reports and displays on a price chart the actual insider transactions, but more importantly, provides and uses an insider score estimating probabilistic performance relative to the market based on statistical analysis of past similar transactions.
ASAP mostly ignores past fundamental information, except for information that statistically enhances the insider transactions, such as seasonality, market cap, and earnings surprises.
Further, insider information is aggregated for display and strategy use, providing a series of concentrically expanding macroeconomic forward-looking fundamental information.
ASAP includes both long and short strategies which have been backtested through bull and bear markets. Comparisons wherein the only change was the use of insider scores to further differentiate technical entry and exit points show a material improvement in backtest performance.
Who created ASAP and what is their background?
Here’s my brief bio. Mr. Dan Kamhis developed the ASAP mathematical models, proprietary indicators and strategy algorithms. He received a bachelor’s in mathematics from the University of California, San Diego, Magna Cum Laude in 1978. He has over 30 years of software development experience in aerospace simulation and real-time graphics, systems software for Windows and Unix platforms, and over 10 years’ experience in integrated stock strategy and indicator development. He is a patented inventor and published author.
Mr. Kamhis was assisted by Mr. Joe Osgood who programmed an assortment of data collection and database routines. Mr. Osgood received a B. S. in Computer Science from Worcester Polytechnic University in 1973. He has over 30 years of software development experience and is currently a senior software engineer at a rapidly growing medical device company. He is a published author.
Who can benefit from ASAP?
ASAP models real-world phenomena, is empirically tested, and is based on rigorous statistical analysis. Thus, the ASAP solution is scalable, providing tools to assist an investor trading a personal account, or the manager of a large institutional fund.
Can you give actual ASAP backtest results?
Chart 1 shows a six-year backtest covering two bull markets, and a bear.
The stock sample included approximately 5500 stocks which had insider transactions.
A key point is that the strategy is fully invested during the bull market, exits and remains out for the duration of the secular bear, and then leverages back in at the start of the bull, then exits for the correction.
The round-trip transactions over the six-year period, average three every two weeks (Number of trades: 465).
While the ratio of winners to losers is only 54% / 46% (Probability), the average gain for the winners is 66%, while the average loss is 16% (Average Profit/Loss), leading to a Reward/Risk ratio of over 5.
The annualized ROI (Average Annual ROI) is an astounding 75% a year, due to the fact that the strategy exits the market during bear phases.
Is ASAP versatile enough to allow the user to create new indicators or stock analysis procedures?
With a source license, one could obtain the strategy itself which gives further flexibility in creating and modifying the ASAP indicators and procedures. And certainly the ASAP developers would be interested in hearing from anyone with any ideas for improvements in the strategy, or if someone was interested in a proprietary custom modification.
How is ASAP different from other programs on the market?
ASAP is not a repetitive day trading or churn strategy, but is designed to leverage in and out of the market based on the market and stock stage.
The ASAP strategy takes into account the affinities in the market between individual stocks, and their groups and sectors and the market indexes themselves.
ASAP reports and displays the actual insider transactions on a price chart, but more importantly, computes, displays and uses an insider score estimating probabilistic performance relative to the market based on statistical analysis of past similar transactions.
ASAP provides customizable daily and weekly reports indicating stocks which have surpassed their technical pivot points (breakouts or breakdowns) and have qualified insider scores. While ASAP attempts to capture the earliest breakouts in a long-term uptrend, continuation signals are provided for focus on a particular ticker.
A general “Breakout Rank” score is provided ranking all stocks relative to their combined technical and insider score.
Stocks can also be ranked strictly by insider criteria, such as a weighting consisting of insider score and a measure of recent changes to the insider transaction patterns.
ASAP provides a range of selectable stops designed to minimize whipsaws, including investing, trading and climax stops.
Is there an ASAP community?
What are the computer and operating system requirements for ASAP?
Even five-year-old computers can run it pretty well, but ASAP is customizable in this sense. Some indicators are more compute intensive than others. On an older or slower machine, one can limit the use of the more compute intensive indicators to only when the trader is specifically interested in them.
If someone is interested in finding out more about ASAP, what should they do?
They can drop me (Dan Kamhis) a line at trade.asap@yahoo.com, and I’ll be glad to set up a web demo.
Thank you for spending time with us Dan.
An Excerpt from the Timely Trades Letter…April 9…
Steve Palmquist.Author of ‘The Timely Trades Letter’. ‘How to Take Money from the Markets’, and Money-Making Candlestick Patterns.
I get emails from traders who just want to focus on swing trading, intermediate term trades, stock trades, or ETF trades. I am not sure how they have decided which is best, since the results of these different techniques can vary with market conditions. It makes more sense to have techniques for stock and ETF trading and be able to make swing trades and intermediate term trades and then adjust the relative account sizes based on what is working in the current market conditions.
Most of the recent ETF selections in the Letter have triggered and moved into profitable positions, which is why I rotated additional funds to the ETF account as noted in previous Letters. I want to move funds into what is working in the current environment. When the market is sluggish swing trading stocks slows down for obvious reasons. However even in sluggish markets we see some of the ETFs moving, so I put more focus there until the market finished resting and decides to move again. When the market is strongly trending there is usually more bang for the buck in swing trading stocks than ETFs so I rotate funds into the swing trading account. This sounds obvious, but sometimes traders get fixated on just one technique and don’t look at the bigger picture.
Adapting our trading tools and techniques to the current market conditions is one of the keys to trading success. Guessing the markets next move, or using the same trading tool (technique) all the time, can lead to poor results. By having swing trading and ETF trading accounts I have the ability to focus on trading ETFs when the market is sluggish and swing trading is slow. I can then move more into swing trading, with less focus on ETFs, when the market is strongly trending again. By just using one tool traders will have periods when they sit in cash for awhile waiting for the market to move.
In the current environment we see energy and commodities moving strongly (check out the strong profits from the recent GLD, OIL, XLP and SLV ETF trades as an example) Since we are seeing strong action in the energy and commodity areas I will look at a couple of swing trades of stocks in these areas if they trigger on increasing volume. There are a number of interesting setups in energy and commodity stocks like the ones in HMY, NFG, CVX, APA, and DVN. Given the markets recent positive volume pattern, shorts are not attractive unless the market starts showing strong distribution
The net change for the last six sessions is less than a one point movement, this is a very tight base. Tight bases often lead to strong moves, so while this is a time to keep the powder dry as noted in previous Letters. It is also a time to get the watch lists up to date and ready for the move that is coming. When the market, or individual stocks, approach a resistance area it is usually a good idea to focus on protecting profits made during the last run. When the market approaches resistance it usually bases or retraces a bit. If most of the time the market stalls, or retraces, around resistance then it is best to lock in some profits; and let the market set up for the next move. If the market breaks above resistance we will still have our profits and can take new positions. If the market retraces from resistance then we still have our profits, and will have avoided potential losses. If you hold when the market approaches resistance you risk losses if the market pulls back. For more market analysis and trading setups click here.
IDENTIFYING CUP FORMATIONS EARLY
I have prepared the AIQ code based on Giorgos Siligardos’ article in the April issue of Stocks & Commodities magazine, “Identifying Cup Formations Early.” (The code can be viewed at www.Traders.com.) I devised a trading system using the Russell 1000 list of stocks to test the semi-cup formation as an entry technique. The trading rules for the system are as follows:
Entering a long position:
* Using a daily time frame, enter a long position when a semi-cup formation is first detected.
* Enter the next bar at the open using a market order.
Exiting a long position:
* Use a trailing 25% exit, or
* Protect 100% of a 15% or greater profit.
* Exit the next bar at the open using a market order.
Short positions were not tested.
In Figure 9, I show the results of simulated trading on the Russell 1000 stocks, using the following parameters:
1. Maximum positions per day = 3
2. Maximum total positions allowed = 10
3. Choose weakest candidates using 32-bar Aiq relative strength
4. Size each position at 10% of total account equity recomputed every day.
Figure 9: AIQ SYSTEMS, SAMPLE RESULTS FOR semi-cup formation SYSTEM. Here, a sample trading system using 76 actively traded NASDAQ stocks tests the semi-cup formation as an entry technique. For the test period 1/3/2000 to 1/6/2011, the average annual return was 18.8%, with a maximum drawdown of 68.8% on 11/20/2008.
For the test period 1/3/2000 to 1/6/2011, the average annual return was 18.8% with a maximum drawdown of 68.8% on 11/20/2008. Although the return is reasonably good, the maximum drawdown is larger than most could tolerate. With this in mind, I added a very simple market timing technique that added the following rules:
1. Longs can only be entered when the S&P 500 is trading above its 200-day simple moving average for two or more consecutive days.
2. Exit all positions when the S&P 500 falls below its 200-day simple moving average for two or more consecutive days.
For the test period 1/3/2000 to 1/6/2011, the average annual return was 10.1% with a maximum drawdown of 25.6% on 7/17/09 (see Figure 10). The drawdown was significantly reduced by the addition of the simple market timing technique. Although the average annual return was also reduced, the Sharpe ratio increased from 0.47 to 0.75, indicating a less risky approach.
Figure 10: AIQ SYSTEMS, revised results with market timing added. For the refined semi-cup system, over the test period 1/3/2000 to 1/6/2011, the average annual return was 10.1% with a maximum drawdown of 25.6% on 7/17/09.
The AIQ code is available in an EDS file at http://aiqsystems.com/april2011cupandhandle.EDS
save the file to your /wintes32/EDS strategies folder
—Richard Denning
info@TradersEdgeSystems.com
for AIQ Systems




